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History of Colchester : ウィキペディア英語版 | History of Colchester Colchester is a historic town located in Essex, England. It served as the first capital of Roman Britain and makes a claim to be the oldest recorded town in Britain. ==Prehistory==
The gravel hill upon which Colchester is built was formed in the Middle Pleistocene period, and was shaped into a terrace between the Anglian glaciation and the Ipswichian glaciation by an ancient precursor to the River Colne.〔 From these deposits beneath the town have been found Palaeolithic flint tools, including at least six Acheulian handaxes.〔 Further flint tools made by hunter gatherers living in the Colne Valley during the Mesolithic have been discovered, including a Tranchet axe from Middlewick.〔〔Wymer, J. (ed.) "Gazetteer of Mesolithic sites in England and Wales", in CBA Research Report 20〕 In the 1980s an archaeological inventory showed that over 800 sherds of pottery from the Neolithic, Bronze Age and early Iron Age have been found within Colchester, along with many examples of worked flint.〔 This included a pit found at Culver Street containing a ritually placed Neolithic Grooved ware pot,〔 and other find spots containing fragments of later Deverel-Rimbury bucket urns.〔 Further Neolithic finds were uncovered in 2010 during archaeological excavations of the former Goojerat Barracks.〔The Colchester Archaeologist. Issue no. 24. (2011). (ISSN 0952-0988)〕 Colchester is surrounded by Neolithic and Bronze Age monuments that pre-date the town, including a Neolithic Henge at Tendring, large Bronze Age barrow cemeteries at Dedham and Langham, and a larger example at Brightlingsea consisting of a cluster of 22 barrows.〔 Five Bronze Age barrow mounds remain near the University of Essex on the north-east outskirts of the town, although the building of the railway line between Colchester and Clacton-on-Sea in the 1850s may have destroyed more.〔
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